第45章 佃农理论英语原著 39
- 作者:张五常
- 类型:短篇文学
- 更新:07-04 15:13:03
- 字数:5692
[2].Sino-AmericanJointCommissiononRuralReconstruction,”JCRRAnnualReportsonLandReformintheRepublicofChina,”Compositevolume,mimeographed(Taipei:FarmersServiceDivision,1965),www.youxs.org.
[3].Ibid.,chap2.
[4].SeeChen,Records,;JCRR,”AnnualReports,”;andTaiwanProvincialLandBureau,”,”mimeographed(Taipei:JCRRTranslation,1950).
TenureRearrangements
Leasecancellationsbylandowne:
Afterthereductionoftherentalpercentage…aminorityoflandowners…threatenedthetenantswithleasecancellation.…Usuallywithcash,goods,orpartofthecultivatedland,”feeforleaseright.”Thetenants,infearoftheownerspower,,,soldthem,orhiredfarmhandstodothetilling,soastoprotecttheirillegalunscrupulousprofits.[9]
Inspections—initiallybyrandomsamplingandlateroftheaffectedpopulationintotal—conductedforatwo-yearperioduptoJune1951revealedotherformsofpensatingpayments:forty-twocasesinwhichlandownerschargeddepositmoneywithnorefund,forty-sevencasesinwhichthelandownershadcollectedrentonfarmhousesoverandabovetheoriginalstipula-tions,(6,328cases)wasrecordedinanitemcalled”harvestloss,”whichresultedmainlyfromdisagreementbetweenthecontractingpartiesonthe”actual”[8]
[1].SeeChengChen,RecordsofTaiwanLandReform(Taipei:ChungHwaBookCo.,1961),
Conclusions
Theevidenceofpensatingpaymentsandtenurerearrangementspresentedinthissectionillu(mostlyillegal)were”alarming,”availablesourcesindicatethattheyoccurredinnomorethan10percentofthetenantcontractsaffectedbytherentalrestriction,andthegreaterparerestrictiontotaled380,473,andcons,,,theenforcementofthesharerestrictionin1949wasregardedbythelawmakeras”incrediblysmooth.”[15]Why?Supposeweaskaseeminglyunrelatedquestion:Ifpensatingpaymentsandtenurerearrangementsdonottakeplacetotheextentofrestoringtheinitialresourceuse,whatadjustmentswillweobserveinresourceallocation?Asitturnsout,theanswertothishelps,inpart,toexplainwhytheillegalpracticeswereinfrequent:thelandownercouldprotecthisrentalinefromlandafterthepercentagereduction,withoutviolatingthelaw,throughadjustingfarmingintensity.
[5].JCRR,”AnnualReports,”www.youxs.org.
[6].Ibid.,www.youxs.org
[7].TPLB,”Implementation,www.youxs.org.
Inthetwo-yearperioduptoJune1951,disputesarisingfromleasecancellations(dismissals)amountedto16,349cases,ofwhich8,877casesinvolvedactualleasedismissal.[10]Theofficialsettlementsofleasecancellationsweretroublesome,sinceaccordingtothelawthelandownerswereallowe,971leasecancellationswereofficiallygranted,andtheremainingleaseswererestoredtothetenants.[11]Theareaoflandassociatedwiththesegrantedcasesamountedto1,376chias,ion.[12]
Duringthesameperiod(June1949toJune1951),thearea[13]Thisformoftransferwasallowedbyreformauthorit,landpricesmeasuredinriceforvariouslandgradesfellbyarangeof46to62percent[14]—,evenintheabsenceofpensatingpaymentorresourcereallocation,oninris,generatedbytheexpectationofotherreformmeasuresforthing.
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